Sunday
Sep222024
SEPTEMBER 25, 2024
Sunday, September 22, 2024 at 08:21AM 
The original - and still our favorite - Autoextremist logo.
The AE Quote of the Century: Everybody loves The High-Octane Truth. Until they don't. -WG
(Volkswagen)
Volkswagen of America, Inc. announced today that VW part number 00010 ZDK-259-101, VW Gewürz Ketchup Brand, a condiment used to dress VW currywurst, has already been snapped up after becoming available in the U.S. for a limited time. Distributed through DriverGear at no cost, the limited supply has already been claimed by the public. Best known for its history of iconic automobiles, the Volkswagen brand has produced and provided food items like the VW currywurst sauce for its German plant employees for decades. Many brand fans familiar with this condiment know it is most famous for being paired with Volkswagen’s currywurst sausage, first created in 1973. Developed by Volkswagen-employed chefs, the official currywurst recipe is a secret known only to a few people. The uniquely spiced sausage is often served chopped into bite-size slices in a bowl and drenched with the sauce. It was Volkswagen’s currywurst—also once sold under an official VW part number—that originally inspired the Volkswagen condiment production, dating back to 1996. “This year we’re celebrating more than a big anniversary of selling cars,” said Rachael Zaluzec, Senior Vice President of Customer Experience and Brand Marketing, Volkswagen of America, Inc. “We’re celebrating stories, memories, passion, and all the fun, and unexpected things that make Volkswagen the brand we are today — things like our Gewürz Ketchup Brand condiment.” Editor's Note: Well, this isn't the wurst thing going on in the biz right now. -WG
(Mercedes-Benz Images)
The latest bit of unobtanium from Mercedes-Benz is called the "highly exclusive" 2025 AMG GT 63 PRO 4MATIC+ "Motorsport Collectors Edition." With numerous unique design elements and details, it implies "a close link to the Mercedes‑AMG PETRONAS F1 Team," according to Mercedes-Benz PR minions. (Right. - WG) What do you get? The Obsidian Black Metallic paint features a hand-painted star pattern with silver Mercedes stars that adorn the side and rear of the vehicle, and PETRONAS-colored accents extend from the front fenders over the beltline to the roof. The front splitter, air inlet flics of the front fascia, side sill panels and rear diffuser also feature PETRONAS-colored accents. More? The 21‑inch AMG forged split-spoke wheels are finished in black with PETRONAS-colored rim flanges. The striking wheels are fitted standard with Michelin Pilot Sport Cup 2 R tires (295/30 ZR 21 at the front and 305/30 ZR 21 at the rear). In addition, an AMG carbon ceramic high performance braking system with six-piston fixed calipers and 16.5-inch brake discs at the front and single-piston floating calipers at the rear is equipped standard. The AMG Aerodynamics Package and AMG Exterior Carbon Fiber Package features front splitter, side sill trims, rear diffuser and fixed rear wing in high quality carbon fiber. Still More? The AMG Extended Night Package includes a darkened radiator grille, model badging and Mercedes star at the rear of the vehicle. An AMG fuel filler cap in Silver Chrome finishes-off the exterior.
Numerous PETRONAS-colored accents are highlighted throughout the interior. The standard AMG Performance seats feature black Nappa leather/microfiber upholstery with PETRONAS-colored stitching and headrests with an embossed AMG crest. AMG carbon fiber interior trim elements complement the heated AMG Performance steering wheel in Nappa leather/microfiber with PETRONAS-colored stitching. This exclusive contrast stitching is also showcased on the door panels, instrument panel and center console. Another unique detail is the AMG door sills finished in black with PETRONAS-colored illumination. The center console features a "1 out of 200" badge, underscoring the exclusivity of the special model (Yes, only 200 will be built, worldwide. -WG). A Burmester® High-End 3D Surround Sound System, with 15 speakers and 1,170 watts of system power, is among the extensive standard equipment for this special model. The Driver Assistance Package, 360-degree camera, MBUX Interior Assistant, head-up display and GUARD 360o vehicle monitoring are also equipped standard. AMG TRACK PACE records a wealth of data when driving on the racetrack. Each Mercedes-AMG GT 63 PRO 4MATIC+ "Motorsport Collectors Edition" also includes a custom, edition-specific AMG indoor car cover constructed with a breathable, tear-resistant synthetic outer fabric and antistatic flannel inner fabric. It will be officially unveiled at the Formula 1™ Singapore Grand Prix. How much? No price information was given.
(Lotus Images)
This latest bit of (sort of) inspired VaporWare comes from Lotus - Theory 1 - the company's its first concept car "that embodies the future of intelligent performance vehicles," according to Lotus PR minions. In conjunction with this concept, Lotus is launching The Lotus Theory, the company’s new design manifesto that will form the foundation for all future Lotus cars, encapsulated through three core principles - Digital, Natural and Analogue (DNA):
- Digital, which represents the immersive, intelligent, and intuitive experience.
- Natural, brings to life emotional, connected, human-centric design.
-
Analogue, which is the brand’s continuous advancement of performance engineering.
“With Theory 1, we’ve built on everything Lotus has achieved so far in its 76-year history, to push the boundaries for what it means to drive a performance vehicle," according to Ben Payne, Vice President of Design for the Lotus Group.. We want to demonstrate that you don’t need to compromise – with both digital and analogue capabilities working harmoniously in the future car. In doing this, we are able to bring drivers the best possible immersive driving experience with raw emotion, functionality and connectivity, at the core.”
Lotus PR minions continued: "Theory 1 reaffirms the company’s Vision80 commitment – a transformation into a global performance technology brand. The innovations announced today are expected to be implemented into future Lotus cars in the coming years."
Editor-in-Chief's Note: Another giant "We'll see" in a kaleidoscope sea of fever dreams, concepts and "it won't be long now!" promises of an EV Nirvana that's just around the corner. We can wait. - PMD
Lotus PR minions continued: "Theory 1 reaffirms the company’s Vision80 commitment – a transformation into a global performance technology brand. The innovations announced today are expected to be implemented into future Lotus cars in the coming years."
Editor-in-Chief's Note: Another giant "We'll see" in a kaleidoscope sea of fever dreams, concepts and "it won't be long now!" promises of an EV Nirvana that's just around the corner. We can wait. - PMD
Editor-in-Chief's Note: Longtime readers of this publication are probably familiar with our Economics Correspondent - Tom Bartkiewicz. Tom's musings on all things financial occasionally appear on our site, and his latest treatise is a must read. I will caution you, however, this is not a 30-second Internet read. Rather, it is an immersive - and superb - thought piece that requires your undivided attention, but it is well worth it. -PMD
FROM A BOOMER TURNED DOOMER.
By Thomas Bartkiewicz
Baton Rouge. The following is an attempt to defend how I have come to harbor my dire opinions. I have some pieces of parchment that credential me as an economist; however, age and experience have convinced me that mainstream neoliberal orthodox economics is utter BS. I would now describe myself as a lapsed economist and professional cynic. The credentialing process was not a total loss because fortunately I was exposed to the teachings of a world-renowned environmental economist named Herman Daly. Professor Daly studied under Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen who combined entropy from the Laws of Thermodynamics with economics. (I used this concept in an email to you many years ago titled From Cleopatra to Cantarell). Daly, believing that unlimited exponential growth on a finite planet is impossible, envisioned what he called the Steady State Economy. This resonated with me because what stuck in my mind with going to the moon was the picture looking back at our Earth, a beautiful blue/green jewel floating in space and thinking that’s all we have and we need to take good care of it.
This caused internal conflict in me because I enjoy much of what our capitalist economy produces, particularly cars, while at the same time recognizing from my studies the costs and externalities associated with it. Understanding that there is a dark side to technology and “the invention of the ship was also the invention of the shipwreck,” technology has created problems now expected to be solved with more technology without any shipwrecks.
Start with how we measure the health of what is called the economy. We sum the total of all goods and services produced with a unit of measure called money. A thing that is very abstract and highly misunderstood. How about the following for a description? Money is quantum. It is a universal equivalent rather than an object of exchange. It is a reduced symbolic medium, a semiotic instance representing value without having any of its own which only acquires value through circulation and exchange. Money has no intrinsic value. Churning through the economy, it is added up to give us a measure called Gross Domestic Product or GDP. Forget about money having been created to replace barter. Adam Smith conjured this up. Anthropologist David Graeber studied 5,000 years of human civilization and found no evidence to back up Smith’s explanation.
Another person whose ideas were introduced to me in Daly’s classes were those of John Ruskin and Kenneth Boulding. Ruskin used a word for the opposite of wealth called “illth,” production and activities that subtract from wealth. Boulding used the term bads for the opposite of goods. Producing a car creates a good. The harmful industrial waste created in making a good creates illth or a bad, which should be subtracted from instead of added to GDP as it is now. Cleaning up a hazardous waste site or reversing environmental damage done by some previous project is an addition to GDP. It’s all additive. So the price (note I use the term price and not cost) of carbon capture to reduce the amount of CO2 in the air is not subtracted from GDP but considered an addition to it. The ship and the shipwreck are both goods.
Then there is the financialization of the economy. Financialization can be defined as the long-run shift in the center of gravity of the capitalist economy from production to finance. This change has been reflected in every aspect of the economy, including: (1) increasing financial profits as a share of total profits; (2) rising debt relative to GDP; (3) the growth of FIRE (finance, insurance, and real estate) as a share of national income; (4) the proliferation of exotic and opaque financial instruments; and (5) the expanding role of financial bubbles. For the past 30 years the US has been deindustrializating, sending manufacturing to other countries, mainly China, with less environmental controls and cheaper labor. The so-called globalization of manufacturing's main goal was cost shifting.
Price, cost and value are terms used interchangeably but to economists have distinct meanings. Price expressed in money terms is a signal and a very noisy one. Cost is often expressed in money terms but has importance that often cannot be expressed in money terms. Price does not represent cost if there are externalities and cost shifting involved. Shifting costs increase profits and some have gone so far as to estimate that if all costs were priced into production that no profit has been made during the history of industrialization. These unpriced costs have been dumped mainly on the environment. Value is extremely abstract and very personal. Value and the realization of value take place in different spheres. Value is created in the workspace and realized in the market with exploitation taking place in that rupture. The belief that money, which has no value, can be a store of value is absurd. Money withheld from current consumption, i.e. saving or hoarding, represents future demand and there is nothing to guarantee that one’s savings will equal or exceed the current value, i.e. inflation. That’s why we call money currency because you need to spend it right away.
Living in a world of lies, damned lies and statistics, it is difficult if not impossible to separate the signals from the noise and the noise is becoming deafening. Have no fear, cryptocurrencies and artificial Intelligence will give us clear signals and store the value created by our work then all will be right with the world. I see a newer and bigger ship resulting in a bigger wreck.
When economics comes up in discussions I asses the knowledge expressed or lack of with what I call my four thats: (1) That was then, this is now, (2) that which you own owns you, (3) that which is seen and that which is unseen (may be this one makes it five) and (4) that which cannot go on forever will end. Each one is important to the study of economics and all of them are intertwined.
As to the problem facing the automakers two and three warrant further explanation. No.2, that which you own owns you, is about the sunk costs and opportunity costs associated with choices. With sunk costs, every major investment leads to further investment to protect the value of past investment, expanding the system, requiring more energy and eventually overwhelming the ability to create surpluses necessary to maintain the investment. Sunk costs increase opportunity costs. The huge investment in the current system and the need to maintain it makes alternatives more expensive, i.e. opportunities are lost. Ford and GM are surviving on profits from large gas and diesel powered trucks and SUVs. Current BEV technology does not work well with vehicles this size as evidenced by their excessive weight, lengthy charging times and short range. Smaller and lighter cars have been virtually abandoned due to their low profitability and these are the type of vehicles that should be electrified and used in cities. This is quite a conundrum for GM and Ford.
No.3, that which is seen and that which is unseen, deals with entrainment. Entrainment is technically defined as the second order interaction of the energy of the components creating a system. We are born into a system that entrains us. You do what the system requires or you perish. Economics acts as a coordinating device creating a framework that is forced by a minority onto a majority. Economic coordination devices are what is important. They create social conventions and the expectations we act on and don’t see them acting on us. Underneath this entrainment is a system of stupid and moronic economic ideas: Keynesianism, monetarism, the Great Moderation, QE, etc. This has brought us to the point where the intensity required for survival is exhausting. Precarious economic security fosters passivity while undermining democracy. This is by design.
VW’s predicament is different than what Detroit is facing and has been caused by the conflict between Ukraine and Russia. Green energy production may sound well and good but German industry was very dependent on cheap natural gas from Russia to maintain its competitiveness. Sanctioning Russian natural gas and replacing it with US liquefied natural gas at 4 times the cost has made the German car and chemical industries uncompetitive. Germans are restive and want out of the sanctions and cheap Russian gas back but the ruling class is not hearing any of it. I hear much talk from the ruling class about saving democracy. Must be some other kind, because to me democracy usually means pursuit of policies in favor of the wishes of the electorate not the ruling class pursuing policies opposed by the electorate.
Then there is the manufacturing Germany is noted for, the Mittelstand. They are considered the heart of German industry. They are small to medium size firms with revenues less than 50 million euros, usually family owned and based in smaller cities with a talent for export and a command of their markets that belie their small size and low profile. They make up a large percentage of German manufacturing.
Energy is the linchpin for Germany’s Mittelstand. Long-term contracts with Russia to provide gas at prices significantly below market prices were a necessity to maintain competitiveness. Now that gas is going to China, which also has the industrial base and workforce to provide what Germany needs. In the US the Mittelstand would be set upon by private equity, looted and liquidated.
In closing I could posit solutions but it would be futile and a waste of time. Our socio-economic systems are FUBAR. Stupidity reigns and in the words of Charles Darwin: “Ignorance more often begins confidence than does knowledge,” and where knowledge is concerned it ain’t the things you don’t know that hurt, it’s the things you know that ain’t so.
From a Boomer turned Doomer, Peter, keep ranting and giving us the high-octane unvarnished truth.
FROM A BOOMER TURNED DOOMER.
By Thomas Bartkiewicz
Baton Rouge. The following is an attempt to defend how I have come to harbor my dire opinions. I have some pieces of parchment that credential me as an economist; however, age and experience have convinced me that mainstream neoliberal orthodox economics is utter BS. I would now describe myself as a lapsed economist and professional cynic. The credentialing process was not a total loss because fortunately I was exposed to the teachings of a world-renowned environmental economist named Herman Daly. Professor Daly studied under Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen who combined entropy from the Laws of Thermodynamics with economics. (I used this concept in an email to you many years ago titled From Cleopatra to Cantarell). Daly, believing that unlimited exponential growth on a finite planet is impossible, envisioned what he called the Steady State Economy. This resonated with me because what stuck in my mind with going to the moon was the picture looking back at our Earth, a beautiful blue/green jewel floating in space and thinking that’s all we have and we need to take good care of it.
This caused internal conflict in me because I enjoy much of what our capitalist economy produces, particularly cars, while at the same time recognizing from my studies the costs and externalities associated with it. Understanding that there is a dark side to technology and “the invention of the ship was also the invention of the shipwreck,” technology has created problems now expected to be solved with more technology without any shipwrecks.
Start with how we measure the health of what is called the economy. We sum the total of all goods and services produced with a unit of measure called money. A thing that is very abstract and highly misunderstood. How about the following for a description? Money is quantum. It is a universal equivalent rather than an object of exchange. It is a reduced symbolic medium, a semiotic instance representing value without having any of its own which only acquires value through circulation and exchange. Money has no intrinsic value. Churning through the economy, it is added up to give us a measure called Gross Domestic Product or GDP. Forget about money having been created to replace barter. Adam Smith conjured this up. Anthropologist David Graeber studied 5,000 years of human civilization and found no evidence to back up Smith’s explanation.
Another person whose ideas were introduced to me in Daly’s classes were those of John Ruskin and Kenneth Boulding. Ruskin used a word for the opposite of wealth called “illth,” production and activities that subtract from wealth. Boulding used the term bads for the opposite of goods. Producing a car creates a good. The harmful industrial waste created in making a good creates illth or a bad, which should be subtracted from instead of added to GDP as it is now. Cleaning up a hazardous waste site or reversing environmental damage done by some previous project is an addition to GDP. It’s all additive. So the price (note I use the term price and not cost) of carbon capture to reduce the amount of CO2 in the air is not subtracted from GDP but considered an addition to it. The ship and the shipwreck are both goods.
Then there is the financialization of the economy. Financialization can be defined as the long-run shift in the center of gravity of the capitalist economy from production to finance. This change has been reflected in every aspect of the economy, including: (1) increasing financial profits as a share of total profits; (2) rising debt relative to GDP; (3) the growth of FIRE (finance, insurance, and real estate) as a share of national income; (4) the proliferation of exotic and opaque financial instruments; and (5) the expanding role of financial bubbles. For the past 30 years the US has been deindustrializating, sending manufacturing to other countries, mainly China, with less environmental controls and cheaper labor. The so-called globalization of manufacturing's main goal was cost shifting.
Price, cost and value are terms used interchangeably but to economists have distinct meanings. Price expressed in money terms is a signal and a very noisy one. Cost is often expressed in money terms but has importance that often cannot be expressed in money terms. Price does not represent cost if there are externalities and cost shifting involved. Shifting costs increase profits and some have gone so far as to estimate that if all costs were priced into production that no profit has been made during the history of industrialization. These unpriced costs have been dumped mainly on the environment. Value is extremely abstract and very personal. Value and the realization of value take place in different spheres. Value is created in the workspace and realized in the market with exploitation taking place in that rupture. The belief that money, which has no value, can be a store of value is absurd. Money withheld from current consumption, i.e. saving or hoarding, represents future demand and there is nothing to guarantee that one’s savings will equal or exceed the current value, i.e. inflation. That’s why we call money currency because you need to spend it right away.
Living in a world of lies, damned lies and statistics, it is difficult if not impossible to separate the signals from the noise and the noise is becoming deafening. Have no fear, cryptocurrencies and artificial Intelligence will give us clear signals and store the value created by our work then all will be right with the world. I see a newer and bigger ship resulting in a bigger wreck.
When economics comes up in discussions I asses the knowledge expressed or lack of with what I call my four thats: (1) That was then, this is now, (2) that which you own owns you, (3) that which is seen and that which is unseen (may be this one makes it five) and (4) that which cannot go on forever will end. Each one is important to the study of economics and all of them are intertwined.
As to the problem facing the automakers two and three warrant further explanation. No.2, that which you own owns you, is about the sunk costs and opportunity costs associated with choices. With sunk costs, every major investment leads to further investment to protect the value of past investment, expanding the system, requiring more energy and eventually overwhelming the ability to create surpluses necessary to maintain the investment. Sunk costs increase opportunity costs. The huge investment in the current system and the need to maintain it makes alternatives more expensive, i.e. opportunities are lost. Ford and GM are surviving on profits from large gas and diesel powered trucks and SUVs. Current BEV technology does not work well with vehicles this size as evidenced by their excessive weight, lengthy charging times and short range. Smaller and lighter cars have been virtually abandoned due to their low profitability and these are the type of vehicles that should be electrified and used in cities. This is quite a conundrum for GM and Ford.
No.3, that which is seen and that which is unseen, deals with entrainment. Entrainment is technically defined as the second order interaction of the energy of the components creating a system. We are born into a system that entrains us. You do what the system requires or you perish. Economics acts as a coordinating device creating a framework that is forced by a minority onto a majority. Economic coordination devices are what is important. They create social conventions and the expectations we act on and don’t see them acting on us. Underneath this entrainment is a system of stupid and moronic economic ideas: Keynesianism, monetarism, the Great Moderation, QE, etc. This has brought us to the point where the intensity required for survival is exhausting. Precarious economic security fosters passivity while undermining democracy. This is by design.
VW’s predicament is different than what Detroit is facing and has been caused by the conflict between Ukraine and Russia. Green energy production may sound well and good but German industry was very dependent on cheap natural gas from Russia to maintain its competitiveness. Sanctioning Russian natural gas and replacing it with US liquefied natural gas at 4 times the cost has made the German car and chemical industries uncompetitive. Germans are restive and want out of the sanctions and cheap Russian gas back but the ruling class is not hearing any of it. I hear much talk from the ruling class about saving democracy. Must be some other kind, because to me democracy usually means pursuit of policies in favor of the wishes of the electorate not the ruling class pursuing policies opposed by the electorate.
Then there is the manufacturing Germany is noted for, the Mittelstand. They are considered the heart of German industry. They are small to medium size firms with revenues less than 50 million euros, usually family owned and based in smaller cities with a talent for export and a command of their markets that belie their small size and low profile. They make up a large percentage of German manufacturing.
Energy is the linchpin for Germany’s Mittelstand. Long-term contracts with Russia to provide gas at prices significantly below market prices were a necessity to maintain competitiveness. Now that gas is going to China, which also has the industrial base and workforce to provide what Germany needs. In the US the Mittelstand would be set upon by private equity, looted and liquidated.
In closing I could posit solutions but it would be futile and a waste of time. Our socio-economic systems are FUBAR. Stupidity reigns and in the words of Charles Darwin: “Ignorance more often begins confidence than does knowledge,” and where knowledge is concerned it ain’t the things you don’t know that hurt, it’s the things you know that ain’t so.
From a Boomer turned Doomer, Peter, keep ranting and giving us the high-octane unvarnished truth.
The AE Song of the Week:
Well it ain't no use to sit and wonder why, babe
If you don't know by now
An' it ain't no use to sit and wonder why, baby
It'll never do anywhow
When your rooster's a-crowin' at the break of dawn
Look out your window and I'll be gone
You're the reason why I'm trav'lin' on
But don't think twice, it's all right
And it ain't no use in turnin' on your light, babe
The light I never knowed
An' it ain't no use in turnin' on your light, babe
I'm on the dark side of the road
But I wish there was somethin' I could do or say
To try and make you change your mind and stay
We never did too much talkin' anyway
But don't think twice, it's all right
Well, it ain't no use in callin' out my name, gal
Like you never done before
It ain't no use in callin' out my name, gal
I can't hear you any more
I'm a-thinkin' and a-wond'rin', walkin' down the road
I once loved a woman, a child I'm told
I gave her my heart but she wanted my soul
But don't think twice, it's all right
So long, honey baby
Where I'm bound, I can't tell
But goodbye's too good a word, gal
So I'll just kind of say fare thee well
Now, I'm not sayin' you treated me unkind
You could have done better but I don't mind
You just kinda wasted my precious time
But don't think twice, it's all right
""Don't Think Twice, It's All Right" by Bob Dylan from the album "The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan" (1963).* Lyrics licensed and provided by LyricFind. Listen to it here. And watch Ed Bradley's interview of Bob Dylan from 2004 here.
Well it ain't no use to sit and wonder why, babe
If you don't know by now
An' it ain't no use to sit and wonder why, baby
It'll never do anywhow
When your rooster's a-crowin' at the break of dawn
Look out your window and I'll be gone
You're the reason why I'm trav'lin' on
But don't think twice, it's all right
And it ain't no use in turnin' on your light, babe
The light I never knowed
An' it ain't no use in turnin' on your light, babe
I'm on the dark side of the road
But I wish there was somethin' I could do or say
To try and make you change your mind and stay
We never did too much talkin' anyway
But don't think twice, it's all right
Well, it ain't no use in callin' out my name, gal
Like you never done before
It ain't no use in callin' out my name, gal
I can't hear you any more
I'm a-thinkin' and a-wond'rin', walkin' down the road
I once loved a woman, a child I'm told
I gave her my heart but she wanted my soul
But don't think twice, it's all right
So long, honey baby
Where I'm bound, I can't tell
But goodbye's too good a word, gal
So I'll just kind of say fare thee well
Now, I'm not sayin' you treated me unkind
You could have done better but I don't mind
You just kinda wasted my precious time
But don't think twice, it's all right
""Don't Think Twice, It's All Right" by Bob Dylan from the album "The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan" (1963).* Lyrics licensed and provided by LyricFind. Listen to it here. And watch Ed Bradley's interview of Bob Dylan from 2004 here.
*Dylan said of this track: "A lot of people make it sort of a love song - slow and easygoing. But it isn't a love song. It's a statement that maybe you can say something to make yourself feel better. It's as if you were talking to yourself." Dylan wrote this after his girlfriend Suze Rotolo went off to Italy to study at the University of Perugia and left him in New York. Dylan re-imagined their separation here as him leaving her. Rotolo can be seen walking with Dylan on the cover of the "The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan" album. An artist and civil rights activist, Rotolo died on February 24, 2011 at age 67. Peter, Paul and Mary recorded this in 1963 shortly after Dylan. Regarding the lyrics, "When your rooster crows at the break of dawn, look out your window, and I'll be gone," Rotolo explained in her memoir that they used to live near a poultry supplier in their Greenwich Village apartment. They would sometimes stay up all night and hear the roosters crowing at the break of dawn. (Knowledge courtesy of Songfacts.com)
Editor's Note: You can access previous issues of AE by clicking on "Next 1 Entries" below. - WG